![]() Y tr.), Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. Larsen, Anne-Christine (ed.), The Vikings in Ireland.Hudson, Benjamin T., Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic.Forte, Angelo, Oram, Richard, & Pedersen, Frederik, Viking Empires.Downham, Clare, Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D.1014., Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press, ISBN 1-90, Appendix, p. ↑ Downham, Clare (2007) Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D.London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. ↑ Gwyn Jones, A History of the Vikings, Oxford University Press, 1973, p.↑ Moody, TW Martin, FX Byrne, FJ Cosgrove, A Cronin, D (1976).↑ Katherine Holman (2009), The A to Z of the Vikings, Scarecrow Press, ISBN 081086813X ISBN 9780810868137 p.^ "Cork City Council website - History - Walls of Cork".The annals cite a leader of Cork, called Gnímbéolu, who was killed on the battlefield by the Irish Déisi in 867. The chronicle Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib describes him as the chief lieutenant of the mighty warlord Ragnall ua Ímair, and associates him with the Viking settlement of Cork, but it is unclear whether he ruled as king or was subject to Ragnall's authority the annals, however, offer a different chronology. Viking warlord Ottir Iarla is associated with Viking conquests and raids in Ireland, particularly in the province of Munster. The sites were easily defended, sheltered, and gave immediate access to the sea. ![]() These camps were fortified areas along rivers, usually at a tributary where both sides were protected such that the Vikings could port ships. For much of the Middle Ages, Cork was an outpost of Old English culture immersed in a predominantly hostile Gaelic environment and isolated from the government of Dublin. Longphorts were originally built to serve as camps for the raiding parties in Ireland during the AD 830s. The Hiberno-Nordic rulers used "Black Rent" ( extortion ) in order to prevent them from attacking the city. In 848 the first Viking settlers founded a longphort that between 915 and 922 came to seriously compete with the kingdom of Dublin. The annals of Ulster record the first Viking raids in 822 and 839. Due to the constant Viking onslaught the city was completely walled off and some sections still stand today. The kingdom of Cork was a small hiberno-Nordic enclave that appears in the 12th century chronicle Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib ( war of the Irish against foreigners ) and other contemporary writings such as the Annals of the Four Masters, Annals of Inisfallen and Annals of Tigernach. There are records of Viking kings from Cork up to 1174, but most were subject to the Irish clans.
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